The UNIX Hierarchy

Beginner

• insecure with the concept of a terminal
• has yet to learn the basics of "vi"
• has not figured out how to get a directory
• still has trouble with typing <RETURN> after each line of input

Novice

• knows that "ls" will produce a directoy
• uses the editor, but calls it "vye"
• has heard of "C" but never used it
• has had his first bad experience with "rm"
• is wondering how to read his "mail"
• is wondering why the person next to him seems to like UNIX so very much

User

• uses "vi" and "nroff", but inexpertly
• has heard of regular-expr's but never seen one
• uses egrep to search for fixed strings
• has figured out that "-" precedes options
• is wondering how to move a directory
• has attempted to write a "C" program and has decided to stick with pascal
• thinks that "dbx" is a brand of stereo component
• knows how to read his "mail" and is wondering how to read the "news"

Knowledgeable User

• uses "nroff" with no trouble, and is beginning to learn "tbl" and "eqn"
• thinks that "fgrep" is "fast grep"
• has figured out that "mv(1)" will move directories
• has learned that "learn" doesn't help
• somebody has shown him how to write "C" programs
• once used "sed" to do some text substitution
• has seen "sdb" used but does not use it himself
• thinks that "make" is only for wimps

Expert

• uses "sed" when necessary
• uses macros in "vi", uses "ex" when necessary
• posts news at every possible opportunity
• write "csh" scripts occasionally
• writes "C" programs using "vi" and compiles with "cc"
• has figured out what "&&" and "||" are for
• thinks that human history started with "!h"

Hacker

• uses "sed" and "awk" with comfort
• uses undocumented features of "vi"
• writes "C" code with "cat >" and compiles with "!cc"
• uses "adb" because he doesn't trust source debuggers
• can answer questions about the user environment
• writes his own "nroff" macros to supplement standard ones
• writes scripts for Bourne shell (/bin/sh)

Guru

• uses "m4" and "lex" with comfort
• writes assembly code with "cat >"
• uses "adb" on the kernel while the system is loaded
• customizes utilities by patching the source
• reads device driver source with his breakfast
• can answer any UNIX question after a little thought
• uses "make" for anything that requires two or more distinct commands to achieve
• has learned how to breach security, but no longer needs to try

Wizard

• writes device drivers with "cat >"
• fixes bugs by patching the binaries
• can answer any question before you ask
• writes his own troff macro packages
• is on a first-name basis with Dennis, Bill, and Ken

Autor:	unbekannt
Quelle:	"ftp://www.forwiss.uni-passau.de/pub/doc/hansen/english/computerfun/what-is-a-unix-guru.gz"
toHTML:	1996-08-17 - Gunnar Anzinger <a@gksoft.com>

letzte Änderung: 1997-06-11 -- Gunnar Anzinger <a@gksoft.com>